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On this page you can find slightly more extended information on current versions of CAMSIS scales and in some cases on potential versions which are in development. Updates and additions to this page are ongoing.

 

INDEX TO NATIONAL VERSIONS

See also:	Accessing and using CAMSIS scale scores	How to use the CAMSIS scores.
	Occupational classifications	Notes and downloadable files giving details of occupational classifications used in the CAMSIS countries.
	HIS-CAM	CAMSIS scales for the period 1800-1938, for Belgium, Britain, Netherlands, Germany, France, Sweden and Canada.

	Australia		Ghana		Portugal
	Austria/ Österreich		Hungary/ Magyarország		Romania
	Belgium/ België/ Belgique		Ireland		Russia
	Britain		Italy/Italia		Slovakia
	{Canada}		{Kenya}		Slovenia
	{Colombia}		Luxembourg		Spain/ España
	Czech Republic		Mexico		Sweden/ Sverige
	Denmark/ Danmark		Netherlands/ Nederland		Switzerland/ Schweiz/ Suisse
	{Estonia/ Eesti}		{New Zealand}		Turkey/ Türkiye
	Finland/ Suomi		Philippines		USA
	France		Poland/ Polska		Venezuela
	Germany/ Deutschland				Vietnam
	International version ('ICAM') - ICAM ('International CAMSIS') (access here) is a scale of social distance between occupations calculated on a pooled cross-national database by Cinzia Meraviglia and colleagues. Whereas the links above provide 'specific' scales particular to nominated countries/time periods, ICAM offers a universal international measure which is equally applicable across nations. References: De Luca, Deborah, Cinzia Meraviglia & Harry B.G. Ganzeboom, "ICAM: The International CAMSIS Scale". ** First presented at ISA RC28, Haifa, April 2010. Software available at: http://www.harryganzeboom.nl Ganzeboom, Harry B. G, Cinzia Meraviglia& Deborah de Luca (2011). Occupational status and cultural consumption. Paper presented at the ISA RC28 Spring meeting, University of Essex, 13-16 April 2011 (link to slides). Download the scale: Source file in SPSS syntax code; plain text format (4-digit); plain text tab-delimited (2-digit)
Work on the CAMSIS project has been supported by the UK Economic and Social Research Council (RCSS538; RES062232497)

Research collaborators

Prof Frank Jones

University of Queensland

 

Current status

1996: A working version of the scale has been constructed by the Australian researchers and with minor modifications it has been made directly comparable with other national versions. This version allows scores to be allocated to occupations coded to the latest version of the Australian Standard Classification of Occupations (ASCO-2).

Further details and downloads

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Australia 1996

 
Relevant publications

Jones and McMillan (2001)
Prandy and Jones (2001)

Current status

An Austrian version has been produced in terms of ISCO-88 units based upon data from 1991 and 1995 surveys. The construction of this version made use of the data and analysis resources provided by the LIS project.
 

Current status

The only current version of the scale for Belgium is one based on ISCO-88 2-digit categories, using data available from the CHER datasets. It is not wholly satisfactory in several respects, particularly the small number of occupational categories and the small size of the samples used. It is made available on the basis of there being nothing better. At present there are no plans for producing a full version.
 

Further details and downloads

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Belgium

 

Research collaborators
 

Prof. Ken Prandy	School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University
Dr Wendy Bottero	Department of Sociology, University of Manchester
Prof. Bob Blackburn	Social Science Research Group, University of Cambridge
Dr Paul Lambert	Applied Social Science , Stirling University

 

Current status

2021-24: Scores have been derived using data from Labour Force Surveys pooled over 2021-2024 for the Standard Occupational Classification 2020 (SOC2020) categories. Version 1 using microdata 2021-23 was released in 2023 for SOC2020 units only. Version 1.2 released in Nov 2024 uses the same analysis but a larger microdata extract from 2021-24. Version 2 released Nov 2024 uses 2021-24 microdata and provide scores differentiated by employment status in addition to the title-only level measures
 

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Britain 2020

2010-12: Scores have been derived using data from Labour Force Surveys pooled over 2010-2012 for the Standard Occupational Classification 2010 (SOC2010) categories. Version 1.0 was released in 2012 for SOC2010 units only. Version 1.1 released in 2017 uses the same analysis but adds averaged scores for SOC2010 minor, sub-major and major groups, and adds a translation of the scores to the International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008 (ISCO-08).
 

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Britain 2010

 

2001: We haven't made a CAMSIS version using detailed units of the UK Standard Occupational Classification 2000 (SOC2000). We do, however, have a set of CAMSIS scores based upon approximations derived from the scores for the earlier Standard Occupational Classification (SOC90), which have been linked with SOC2000 units through the index file available from the Occupational Information Unit. An index file and related other files for assigning these approximate CAMSIS scores to SOC2000 title units are available below. Latest release version 0.1 Feb 2003 supersedes version 0.0 downloadable between August 2002 and Feb 2002.
 

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Britain 2001 (approximations)

 

FAQs on the British SOC2000 appriximation: 

                        1)- Note on reliability of CAMSIS approximation SOC2000-RGSC linkage, February 2006.

1991: Scores have been derived using data from the 1991 census and the the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC90) categories. These have also been converted to allow scores to be allocated to occupations coded to the 1981 Census occupational classification and to the current International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88).
 

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Britain 1991

 
1971: Scores have been derived using data from the 1971 census and the the UK's Classification of Occupations 1970 (CO70). The occupational classifications used in the 1961 Census and the 1966 Sample Census are very close to that used in 1971, so we have also allocated these scores to occupations coded to either of these classifications.
 

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Britain 1971

 
C19TH: There are two versions, one for the period 1777-1866, the other for 1867-1913, based on survey data on marriages in these periods collected for the Family History Study. The occupational classification used is specific to that study, but work is in progress on mapping the scores onto the HISCO schema, based on an earlier version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-68), which has been adopted for use in historical analyses. This version could be used, with caution, for countries other than Britain. A version based on the 1881 Census is also being considered.
 

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Nineteenth Century Britain

 

 

5) 1800-1938: There are HIS-CAM scores covering the period 1800-1938, which include data from Britain, available from the HIS-CAM website. These scores refer to the HISCO occupational classifcation.
 

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HISCAM for HISCO (1800-1938)

Relevant  publications
 
Prandy and Lambert (2003)
Prandy and Bottero (1998)
Bottero and Prandy (2001)

Research collaborator / Collaborateur dans la recherche
 

Dr Jennifer Jarman

Lakehead University

Current status

1991-96: We had plans to derive a CAMSIS scale for this era, but have yet to arrange access to suitable microdata.
 

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Canada 1991/96

 

1800-1938: There are HIS-CAM scores covering the period 1800-1938, which include data from Canada, available from the HIS-CAM website. These scores refer to the HISCO occupational classifcation.
 

Further details

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HISCAM for HISCO (1800-1938)

 

Colombia

Current status

1973-2005: Data are available from  IPUMS which we hope to use for CAMSIS scale calculations. We have derived preliminary scales for Colombia in 1973 but we have not yet finished this work.
 

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Colombia 1973

 

 

Current status

A Czech version has been produced in terms of ISCO-88 units based upon data from a 1994 survey. The construction of this version made use of the data and analysis resources provided by the LIS project.
 

Current status

The only current version of the scale for Denmark is one based on ISCO-88 2-digit categories, using data available from the CHER datasets. It is not wholly satisfactory in several respects, particularly the small number of occupational categories and the small size of the samples used. It is made available on the basis of there being nothing better. At present there are no plans for producing a full version.
 

Further details and downloads

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Denmark

 

Research collaborators
 

Dr Ellu Saar	Institute for International and Social Studies, Tallinn Pedagogical University
Dr Rein Vöörmann	Institute for International and Social Studies, Tallinn Pedagogical University
Marge Unt	Institute for International and Social Studies, Tallinn Pedagogical University

 
Current status

We are still in the process of arranging data and methods for the derivation of a scale for Estonia which we hope to undertake on the basis of Labour Force Survey data.
 

Further details

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Estonia

 

Research collaborators
 

Jani Erola	University of Turku
Pasi Moisio	European University Institute, Florence
Paul Lambert	University of Stirling, UK

 
Current status

1970-2005: During 2010/2011 we have been working on deriving Finnish scale scores for five yearly intervals in this period (using census data). A set of scales were published in October 2010.
 

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Finland

 

 

Research collaborators / Collaborateur dans la recherche
 

Yannick Lemel	Laboratoire de sociologie quantitative, INSEE, Paris
Ehud Weisel	Dauphine University, Paris
Paul Lambert	University of Stirling (IPUMS versions)

 
 Current status

A few different projects have produced scales based upon social interaction distance analysis for contemporary France.

• In 2011 a series of scale scores based upon analysis of homogamy in the French census datasets of 1962, 1968, 1975, 1982, 1990, 1999 and 2006 were published, based upon a semi-automated analysis routine conducted by Paul Lambert using microdata accessed from IPUMS-International.
• Also operating in the framework of the CAMSIS project, a set of scale scores for the PCS occupational categories of France, based upon 1999 data from a working paper by Barral P., Bellach M., Bernard l., and Vaconsin F, have been generated and are made available below. This version's derivation differs a little from other CAMSIS versions (mainly because it excludes agricultural workers).
• In a comparable analysis using a slightly different analytical framework, Yannick Lemel has constructed a scale using analysis of Friendship patterns for a 1982/3 survey as part of work in a project coordinated by Tak Wing Chan (see: Chan, T.W. (2010) Social Status and Cultural Consumption, Cambridge UP).

 

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France, contemporary versions

 

1800-1938: There are HIS-CAM scores covering the period 1800-1938, which include data from France, available from the HIS-CAM website. These scores refer to the HISCO occupational classifcation.
 

Further details

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HISCAM for HISCO (1800-1938)

Funded by the Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society  Finanziert durch die Deutsche-Britische Stiftung für das Studium der Industriegesellschaft

Research collaborators / Forschungsmitarbeiterinnen

Dr Bernhard Schimpl-Neimanns	ZUMA, Mannheim
Dr Peter Schmidt	ZUMA, Mannheim
Dr Heike Wirth	ZUMA, Mannheim

Current status

1) 1995: Work has now been completed using the 1995 Micro-census data. Scale scores have been constructed for the current International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88).

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Germany 1995 (ISCO)

2) 1991: Work has now been completed using the 1991 Micro-census data. Scale scores have been  constructed for both the Klassifizierung der Berufe, Ausgabe 1975 (KldB75).
 

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Germany 1991 (KldB75)

 

3) 1800-1938: There are HIS-CAM scores covering the period 1800-1938, which include data from Germany, available from the HIS-CAM website. These scores refer to the HISCO occupational classifcation.
 

 

 

2000: We have constructed a CAMSIS scale for Ghana using the occupational data available at IPUMS-International. There are relatively few job categories covered by this data, and there are a relatively high proportion of jobs in argiculture, which effects the scores generated. On the whole we think that the male scale works well, but the female scale seems a bit more questionable.
 

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Ghana 2000

 

 

Research collaborators

Dr Róbert Tardos	Research Group for Communication Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University
Dr Róbert Angelusz	Research Group for Communication Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University
Dr Péter Róbert	TARKI
Erzsebet Bukodi	Department of Social Statistics, Central Statistics Office

Current status

1) 1996: Scale scores for the ISCO-88 classification, using data from the1996 Micro-census are now available.
 

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Hungary 1996

2) 1990: Scale scores are available for 1990, based on the occupational classification in use at that time. That classification is, however, unsatisfactory in some respects.
 

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Hungary 1990

 

Research collaborator

Dr Richard Layte

Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin

 Current status

1996: Work is complete on the 1996 Census data and scores for the CSO Occupational Classification 1996 and a conversion to the current International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88) are available.
 

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Ireland 1996

 
 

Researchers

Deborah de Luca	University of Milan
Cinzia Meraviglia	University of Eastern Piedmont
Harry Ganzeboom	Free University Amsterdam

 Current status

2010: The 'CAMSIS-IT' scale has been generated by the above team in their recent research. It is calculated on micro-data from 2006, using the Italian national occupational classification 2001 (CP2001) in 3-digit and 2-digit detail.
 

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CAMSIS-IT

 
 

Current status

1999/1989: Data are available from  IPUMS which we hope to use for CAMSIS scale calculations. We have derived preliminary scales for Kenya in 1989 but we have not yet finished this work.

 

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Kenya 1989

 

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Luxembourg  

Current status

The only current version of the scale for Luxembourg is one based on ISCO-88 2-digit categories, using data available from the CHER datasets. It is not wholly satisfactory in several respects, particularly the small number of occupational categories and the small size of the samples used. It is made available on the basis of there being nothing better. At present there are no plans for producing a full version.
 

Further details and downloads

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Luxembourg

 

Current status

1970/1990/2000/2010: Data were used from  IPUMS-I to construct CAMSIS scales for these time periods at the occupational unit level. These can be downloaded via the link below.

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Mexico 1970 / 1990 / 2000 / 2010

 

 

Current status

1985: This is the first example of a scale produced using information solely on the occupations of husbands and wives. It was based on Labour Force Survey data. Although the scores are roughly comparable with those that would be obtained from a CAMSIS analysis, they do suffer from certain limitations because of the methods used. Unfortunately, it has not so far proved possible to obtain access to more recent data from the Netherlands.
 

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Netherlands 1985

 

Relevant publication

Bakker (1993)

 

1800-1938: There are HIS-CAM scores covering the period 1800-1938, which include data from the Netherlands, available from the HIS-CAM website. These scores refer to the HISCO occupational classifcation.
 

Further details

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HISCAM for HISCO (1800-1938)

 

Research collaborators

Prof Peter Davis	Public Health Group, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Christchurch Medical School, University of Otago
Stephen McTaggart	Department of Statistics, University of Auckland

Current status

Stephen McTaggart has begun work in deriving CAMSIS scales based upon marital combinations in census files from several recent years.

 

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New Zealand

Current status

The only current version of the scale for Poland is one based on ISCO-88 2-digit categories, using data available from the CHER datasets. It is not wholly satisfactory in several respects, particularly the small number of occupational categories and the small size of the samples used.

 

Further details and downloads

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Poland

 

Current status

An analysis generating a CAMSIS scale for Portugal for ISCO-08 3-digit units is reported upon within Lambert and Griffiths (2018). Further details are included in the link below.

There is also a CAMSIS version for Portugal for ISCO-88 2-digit categories, which was calculated using data available from the CHER datasets for the period. This version is however based only on a small number of occupational categories, and on an anlysis that uses a relatively small sample size.

 

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Portugal

 

Current status

A CAMSIS version for Romania using data from the 2002 census at ISCO88 unit level has been produced, using data obtained from IPUMS International.

 

Further details and downloads

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Romania

 

Current status

A CAMSIS version for Russian data from 1992 and 1995 at ISCO88 unit level has been produced, using data available from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey as used by the LIS project. The Russian CAMSIS scores have, however, been derived on a relatively small sample size, of 4800 couples.

 

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Russia

 

In an independent research project, Alexey Bessudnov has also derived an occupational scale for Russia which uses social distance analysis and could broadly be described as a CAMSIS scale. For more details see: Bessudnov (2009) An Occupational Status Scale for Russia, WP2009-02 of the Department of Sociology, University of Oxford.

Current status

A Slovakian version has been produced in terms of ISCO-88 units based upon data from a 1995 survey. The construction of this version made use of the data and analysis resources provided by the LIS project.
 

Current status

A Slovenian version has been produced in terms of ISCO-88 units based upon data from a 1994 survey. The construction of this version made use of the data and analysis resources provided by the LIS project.
 

 

Research collaborators / Colaboradores en la investigación

Dr Jorge Rodriguez

University of Kent

Current status

2002: A version based on data from from the 1st wave of the 2002 Labour Force Survey is available for download

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Spain 2002

 

1980: For one specific application, we also produced a derivation file using a small subsample from 1980 data, at the level of submajor groups only (2-digit) on the ISCO-68 occupational scheme. This is not an 'official' release of a CAMSIS version, but interested users are welcome to contact us - Jorge Rodriguez or Paul Lambert - for further details.
 

 

With funding support from the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research  (Forskningsrådet för Arbetsliv och Socialvetenskap)

Research collaborator

Erik Bihagen	Swedish Institute for Social Research , Stockholm University
Paul Lambert	Applied Social Science, University of Stirling

Current status

 

2001-2007: A version has been generated using occupational register data for the period 2001-2007. Scores are available for occupations coded to Swedish national classification for that period.
 

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Sweden 2001-2007

 

 

1990: Work is complete on the 1990 Swedish data. Scores are available for occupations coded to the Nordic Classification of Occupations 1983 (NYK83), as implemented in the 1990 census. Scores have also been derived for ISCO-88 units via an approximate translation from NYK to ISCO-88 categories. **Re-release version 1.1 from February 2002 (see note)**
 

Further details  and downloads

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Sweden 1990

 

 

1800-1938: There are HIS-CAM scores covering the period 1800-1938, which include data from Sweden, available from the HIS-CAM website. These scores refer to the HISCO occupational classifcation.
 

Further details

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HISCAM for HISCO (1800-1938)

 

With funding support from SIDOS and the Swiss Household Panel Study  Avec le soutien financier de SIDOS et du Panel suisse de ménages  Mit Unterstützung von SIDOS und dem Schweizer Haushalt Panel

Research collaborators / Collaborateurs dans la recherche / Forschungsmitarbeiter

Prof. Dr Manfred Max Bergman	University of Basel, and formerly SIDOS (Swiss Information and Data Services)
Prof Dominique Joye	Sociology Institute, University of Neuchatel

Current status

1990: Work is complete, using the 1990 Swiss Census. Scale scores have been independently constructed for both the Swiss Berufliche Tätigkeit/Acitivité Professionelle and the current International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88). **Re-release version 2.1 from February 2002 (see note)**
 

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Switzerland 1990

 

Relevant publications

Bergman et al. (2002)
Bergman and Joye (2001)

 

 

Research collaborators

Cigdem Gedikli	Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, UK
Dr. Yusuf Ziya Ozcan	Department of Sociology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara
Dr. Murat Guvenc	Department of Sociology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara
Dr. Ayse Hosgör	Department of Sociology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara

 

2010: Cigdem Gedikli, of the Norwich Business School at the University of East Anglia, has undertaken an analysis of occupational gender segregation in Turkey which incorporated the construction of CAMSIS scale scores for occupations, using household survey data from 2010 for ISCO-88 (2-digit units). A working paper describing her research, and copies of data files generated in this analysis, are available below.
 

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Turkey 2010 (ISCO-88 2-digit) Data files: .dta / .dat / .xls / .zip Working paper: .pdf

 

1990: Scales based upon an analysis using the 1990 Labour Force Survey are available below. Scores have been be allocated to occupations coded to the 1968 version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-68).
 

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Turkey 1990

 
 

Current status

2000: Work on a version using 2000 Census data is now complete. Scores are released for the 2000 'SOC' occupational units.
 

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USA 2000

1990: Work on the 1990 Census is now complete. As well as the 1990 occupational classification, scores have been converted to the categories of the current International Standard Classificaion of Occupations (ISCO-88)
 

Further details  and downloads

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USA 1990

 

1960: A version based on the 1960 Census is now complete. Other historical versions covering other census years may also be prepared in the future.

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USA 1960

1880: A version based on the 1880 Census is also being considered.
 

 

1981/1990/2001: We made some CAMSIS scales for Venezeula using IPUMS-I data from 1981, 1990 and 2001. There are scales at the occupational unit level, plus we also tried to construct a few scales at the level of occupational units cross-classified by simple measures of educational qualifications (though these are somewhat experimental at time of publication).
 

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Venezuela 1981, 1990 and 2001

 

 

1989/1999/2009: We have constructed CAMSIS scales for Vietnam using the occupational data available at IPUMS-International. The relatively high proportion of jobs in argiculture in Vietnam means that the numeric values of the scales are skewed somewhat according to the scores given to agricultural jobs.
 

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Vietnam 1989, 1999 and 2009